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巴蜀中學英語組專用高考英語陷阱題總結歸納—名詞（附詳解）

高考英語陷阱題總結歸納——名詞

◆典型陷阱題分析◆

1. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _____ newspaper, with _____ in her eyes.

A. a, tear                                                  B. a piece of, tears

C. a, tears                                                 D. a piece of, tear

【陷阱】誤選D，許多學生錯誤地認為，既然news(消息)和 paper(紙)均為不可數名詞，那么newspaper(報紙)也應是不可數的；同時認為“眼淚”即“淚水”，“水”不可數，“淚水”和“眼淚”也應該不可數。

【分析】最佳答案為C。newspaper和 tear均為可數名詞，它們不僅可以連用不定冠詞、可以用復數，而且還可以連用數詞。

Her eyes filled with tears. 她熱淚盈眶。

She dried her tears with a handkerchief. 她用手帕擦干了眼淚。

The newspapers were full of lies. 報紙上一片謊言。

A newspaper is a publication. 報紙是一種出版物。

順便說一句，若不是將 newspaper 當作是供閱讀或傳遞信息的一種東西，而只是把它當成一種“紙”來看待，也可用作不可數名詞，如：

Wrap it in (a sheet of) newspaper. 把它用張報紙包起來。

2. Her father works as a ______ in a hotel and her mother a ______ in a private company.

A. cooker, typewriter                                 B. cook, typist

C. cooker, typist                                        D. cook, typewriter

【陷阱】誤選A，許多同學想當然地認為：cook 用作動詞，表示“煮飯”，所以 cooker 應是其相應的名詞，表示“煮飯的人”，即“廚師”；type 用作動詞，表示“打字”，所以 typewriter 應表示“打字員”。

【分析】而事實是：cook=廚師，cooker=炊具；typist=打字員，typewriter=打字機。即此題正確答案為B。

3. “Why couldn’t they meet us at five o’clock?” “Because they were delayed by ________.”

A. heavy traffic                                         　    B. heavy traffics

C. crowded traffic                                     D. crowded traffics

【陷阱】B、C、D三項均容易誤選。

【分析】對于此題，首先要明確traffic為不可數名詞，沒有復數形式，故排除B和D。另外，漢語習慣說“交通擁擠”，而英語習慣上卻不能用crowded 來修飾 traffic，要表示漢語的“交通擁擠”，英語通常說heavy traffic，即選A。如下面一題也是選A：

She is not a competent driver and can’t cope with driving in _______.

A. heavy traffic                                         　    B. heavy traffics

C. crowded traffic                                     D. crowded traffics

4. In fact, _______ one cause that leads to the problem.

A. cattle is                                                B. cattle are

C. cattles are                                             D. the cattles are

【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，想當然地認為cattle是單數，并且空格有表單數的one，自然謂語動詞用is。

【陷阱】其實，正確答案為B。cattle(牲畜，牛)為集合名詞，盡管它不帶復數詞尾-s，卻永遠表示復數意義，若用作主語，謂語要用復數。又如：

For this many cattle were killed. 為此宰了不少牲畜。

The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一樣被趕到一起。

類似地，police(警察)，people(人)，police(警察)，poultry(家禽)等也具有同樣用法，即只有單數形式，但卻表示復數意義；用作主語時謂語通常也用復數；不與 a(n) 連用，但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)。如：

The poultry have been fed. 家禽已經喂過飼料了。

In Britain police do not usually carry guns. 在英國警察通常不帶槍。

It annoys me when people forget to say “thank you”. 遇到有人忘記道謝的時候，我就不痛快。

5. By all _______, you must try every _______ to help him.

A. mean, mean                                          B. means, means   

C. means, mean                                         D. mean, means

【陷阱】誤選C，認為第一空前有all修飾，故用means，而第二空前有every修飾，故用mean。

【分析】其實，means是一個單復數同形的名詞，并且永遠帶有尾-s。換句話說，在表示“方式”、“方法”時，不存在mean這一形式(mean主要用作動詞，表示“意思是”；也可用作名詞，表示“中間”、“中庸”)。此題正確答案為C，by all means為習語，意為“一定”、“盡一切辦法”。順便說一句，means用作主語時，其謂語的數需根據句意來確定。比較：

All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的辦法都已經試過了。

Every possible means has been tried. 每種可能的辦法都已經試過了。

若句意不能明確地表明主語的單復數，其謂語則用單數或復數均可。如：

Is [Are] there any other means of getting more money? 還有其他什么辦法可弄到更多錢嗎?

6. Jim is ______ person, and everyone is willing to be ______ with him.

A. so kind a, friends                                  B. so a kind, friends

C. so kind a, friend                                    D. so a kind, friend

【陷阱】誤選C或D。認為 friend要用單數。

【分析】其實此題最佳答案為A。so kind a person相當于such a kind person，注意兩者中冠詞的位置不同。be friends with是習語，意為“與……友好”、“跟……做朋友”，與之同義的類似地還有make friends with。值得說明的是，這類短語中的名詞總是用復數，即使句子主語為單數也是如此。如：

He is friends with me. 他與我是朋友。

He has made friends with everyone here. 他與這兒的每個人交上了朋友。

7. We already have ______ pencils, but we need two ______ pens.

A. dozen of, dozen                                    B. dozens of, dozens

C. dozens of, dozen                                   D. dozens of, dozen of

【陷阱】誤選 B。

【分析】此題最佳答案為C。關于dozen的復數是否加詞尾-s的問題比較復雜，大致原則是：

(1) 當它與具體數字連用時，既不加復數詞尾-s，也不后接介詞of。盡管有的詞書也有 two dozen of 這樣的用例，但這已屬過時用法，在考試中應避免，如1992年全國高考有一道單項選擇題就認為two dozen of為錯誤選項：

Shortly after the accident, _____ police were sent to the spot to keep order.

A. dozens of                                             B. dozens       C. dozen of     D. dozen [D]

(2) 當它不與具體數字連用，而是表示不確定的泛指數時，則不僅要加復數詞尾-s，而且要后接介詞 of，此時可將dozens of(許多，幾十)視為習語。如：

I’ve been there dozens of times. 我去過那兒幾十次。

She’s got dozens of boy-friends. 她的男朋友很多。

下面一例中的dozens加了復數詞尾-s也屬為似情況：

Pack them in dozens. 按打裝袋吧。

(3) 當與 a few, several 等數目不很具體的詞連用時，加不加復數詞尾-s均可，但需注意：不加復數詞尾-s時，其后的介詞of可以省略；加詞尾-s時，其后介詞 of不能省略。如：

several dozen (of) pencils=several dozens of pencils幾打鉛筆

注：英語較少使用many dozen的說法，要表示類似意思可用dozens of。

(4) 當它后面的名詞受 the, these, those 等特指限定詞修飾時，或其后的接的是us, them這樣的人稱代詞時，則此時必須用介詞 of。如：

two dozen of these eggs 兩打這種雞蛋

three dozen of them 它們中的3打

注：score, hundred, thousand, million等也具有以上類似用法。

8. She raised her finger to her lips as _____ for silence.

A. an idea                                                 B. a mark

C. a sign                                                   D. a word

【陷阱】容易誤選B。

【分析】應選C，sign與mark的區別是：sign 的意思是“跡象”、“征兆”gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a command, etc(用手或頭等做出示意動作以傳遞信息或命令等)，mark 的意思是 written or printed symbol or figure, line etc made as signor an indication of sth(書寫與印刷的符號或圖、線等記號)。根據此二詞的語義區別以及常識可知答案為C。類似地，下面兩題的答案也是C：

(1) Those black clouds are a sure _____ that it’s going to rain.

A. thing                                                   B. mark

C. sign                                                     D. one

(2) Just as a famous Chinese saying goes, a timely heavy snow is a ______ of good harvest next year.

A. mark                                                   B. track

C. sign                                                     D. appearance

但是，下面一題卻不能選sign，也不能選mark，而選symbol(象征)：

The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _____ of courage and power.

A. example                                               B. sign

C. mark                                                    D. symbol

順便說一句，在近幾年的高考中像這類結合詞義區別以及語境和生活常識進行考查的試題經常出現，同學們需引起注意。

9. “May I take your order now?” “We’d like three black _______ and two green _______.”

A. coffee, cups of teas                               B. coffees, teas

C. cups of coffee, tea                                 D. cup of coffees, teas

【陷阱】誤選C，認為coffee和tea均為不可數名詞，不能后加復數詞尾-s，從而排除選項A、B、D。

【分析】選B。有的同學認為 coffee 和tea是物質名詞，不可數，不能用 three coffees, two teas 這樣的表達。其實，coffee既可用作不可數名詞，表示“咖啡”這種物質，也可用作可數名詞，表示“一杯咖啡”，即在口語中 three coffees 就等于 three cups of coffee。同樣，“三杯茶”既可說成 three cups of tea，也可說成 three teas；“三杯啤酒”既可說成 three glasses of beer，也可說成 three beers。

10. _____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.

A. Walk                                                   B. Walking

C. The walk                                              D. To walk

【陷阱】容易誤選A或D。

【分析】最佳答案為B。分析如下：

(1) 首先，選項D不如選項B佳，因為，不定式通常表示特定的動作，而動名詞才表示習慣性的動作。

(2) 盡管walk用作名詞時可以表示“散步”，但它是可數名詞，指的是一次一次的具體的散步，而不表示抽象意義或泛指意義的“散步”，要表示此義，要用動名詞 walking。比較：

How about going for a walk? 出去散散步如何?

Walking does good to your health. 散步對你的健康有益。

類似地，dance 和 dancing 以及 swim 和 swimming 的區別也是一樣：

(1) 名詞的 dance表示“跳舞”，是可數名詞，指的是一次一次的具體的跳舞，而不表示抽象意義或泛指意義的“跳舞”，要表示后者的意思，要用動名詞轉化來的名詞 dancing。比較：

Let’s have a dance. 我們跳曲舞吧。

He is interested in dancing. 他對跳舞感興趣。

(2) 名詞的 swim表示“游泳”，是可數名詞，指的是一次一次的具體的游泳，而不表示抽象意義或泛指意義的“游泳”，要表示后者的意思，要用動名詞轉化來的名詞 swimming。比較：

She had a swim every day. 她每天游一會兒泳。

She loves swimming. 她喜歡游泳。

 

 

◆精編陷阱題訓練◆

1. Ten years had passed. I found she had _______.

A. a few white hairs                                  B. a little white hair

C. some white hair                                    D. more fifty hair

2.—Hi, this way, please.

—OK.I sometimes have no sense of ______ when I arrive at the crossroad.

A. position                                               B. direction

C. situation                                               D. condition

3. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first ________. 

A. intention                                              B. attempt

C. purpose                                                D. desire

4. I didn’t have to work all weekend — I did it by _______.

A. chance                                                 B. choice

C. accident                                               D. myself

5. “Did you get _____ to the party?” “Yes, I replied to it this morning.”

A. an answer                                             B. an invitation

C. a question                                             D. a letter

6. I paid him ￡50 for the painting, but its true ______ must be at least ￡500.

A. price                                                    B. money

C. value                                                   D. importance

7. His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any ______ of it.

A. explanation                                          B. meaning

C. sense                                                    D. guess

8. You’ve just missed your ______, and you will have to wait for the next round.

A. chance                                                 B. turn

C. time                                                     D. part

9. —Li Lin is very bright and studies hard as well.

—It’s no ______ he always gets the first place in any examination.

A. question                                               B. doubt

C. problem                                               D. wonder

10. —How can I use this washing machine?

—Well, just refer to the _______.

A. explanations                                         B. expressions

C. introductions                                        D. directions

11. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.

A. rooms number                                      B. room number

C. room’s numbers                                    D. room numbers

12. —Hello, I’d like to speak to Henry.

—Oh, which _______? There are two ______ in our office.

A. Henrys, Henrys 　                               B. Henries, Henries

C. Henry, Henrys 　                                 D. Henrys, Henries

13. Electricity, like other forms of ______, has greatly increased in price in recent years.

A. pressure                                               B. force

C. strength                                                D. energy

14. In order to learn the _______ of the family business, Bill took a job as messenger boy in one of the offices.

A. ins and outs                                          B. dos and don’ts

C. heads and tails                                      D. t’s and i’s

15. —I’ve got an “A” in the examination. 

—That’s a good ______. You will surely win a second.

A. result                                                   B. news

C. start                                                     D. idea

 

 

◆答案與解析◆

1.選A。hair 可用作可數或不可數名詞，用作可數名詞時，指一根一根的毛發或頭發，如說 There’s a hair in my soup (我的湯里有根頭發)；用作不可數名詞時，則是整體地指一個人的頭發。

2.選B。需根據句意來分析。have no sense of direction 意為“沒有方向感”。

3.選B。需根據句意來分析。attempt 在此表示“嘗試”。

4.選B，由于上文說 didn’t have to work，所以下文相應的語境應是 did it by choice。類似地，下面一題應選D，也是因為choice與下文的have to do it 相呼應：

Were you given a _____, or did you have to do it?

A. job                                                      B. duty

C. request                                                 D. choice

5.選 B。注意其后的 to the party 和 replied to it。

6.選C。value 指“價值”。

7.選C。make sense of 意為“明白”、“理解”。比較：make sense 意為“有意義”、“意思清楚”、“有道理”。如下面一題選D：

What he told us about the situation simply doesn’t make any ______.

A. use                                                      B. reason

C. value                                                   D. sense

8.選B。miss one’s turn 電為“錯過機會”，注意下文的 …have to wait for the next round 所表示的語境。

9.選D。it’s no wonder (+that從句)的意思是“難怪”，也可說成 No wonder (+that從句)。

10.選D。directions 的意思是“使用說明”，空格前的 refer to 意為“查看”、“參考”。

11.選D。room 為無生命名詞，不用 room’s 這樣的所有格形式，在此可直接用名詞作定語。類似地，下面一題要選B，也是一樣的道理（名詞作定語通常用單數不用復數）：

The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a ______ yesterday.

A. shoes shop B. shoe shop C. shoes’s shop D. shoe’s

12.選C。在通常情況下，專有名詞具有“獨一無二”性，因此它通常沒有復數形式，即不可數。但是，專有名詞的獨一無二性有時是相對的，隨著范圍的擴大，這種獨一無二性便會受到破壞。如在一個星期(week)內，只有一個星期六(Saturday), 一個星期日(Sunday)等，但是在一個月中甚至一年中，便有多個星期六，多個星期日了。所以我們有時可以說：We have spent many happy Sundays there. 我們在那兒度過了許多個愉快的星期日。另外一點值得注意的是，與一般的名詞單數變復數不同，以“輔音字母+y”結尾的專有名詞，其直接加詞尾-s，而不將y改為i。

13.選D。從常識來考慮，electricity 屬于 energy，結合全句的語境，只有D最合適。同樣地，下面一題從常識和語境來考慮也應選D：

(1) Some countries are increasing their use of natural gas, and other forms of ______.

A. source                                                  B. material

C. power                                                  D. energy

(2) The ______ has become extremely tense. A war could break out any time between the two sides.

A. pollution                                              B. friendship

C. condition                                              D. situation

14.選A。ins and outs 意為“細節”，dos and don’ts 意為“注意事項”，heads or tails 為擲錢幣打賭時用語，意為“你賭正面還是賭反面”，p’s and q’s主要用于 mind one’s p’s and q’s，意為“留意自己的言行”。結合句意，選A最合適。

15.選C。從語法上看，news 不可選，因為它不可數；從意義上看，D不可選，因為選D意思不通；比較A和C，選C最合適，因為 start與下文的 a second 相吻合。

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